The Development and Validation of the Ontological Addiction Scale

Abstract Ontological Addiction Theory is a metaphysical theory of mental illness which conceptualises psychological suffering in terms excessive ego-centeredness. This study aimed to develop and validate the Scale (OAS) compare OAS scores with health measures. A 31-item prototype scale was developed based on traditional Buddhist contemporary models addiction. An ego-centeredness form Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory (FFNI) main criterion measure. For measures, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Rosenberg Self-Esteem (RSES) were used. The two shorter versions showed excellent internal consistency test–retest reliability. Construct validity evidenced by medium large correlations strong PHQ-9, GAD-7 RSES, suggesting clear relationship between health. appears be valid reliable instrument suitable for assessing OA.